What we know about the two projects of vaccine that produce an immune response

There are many steps towards a marketable vaccine: it will still be particularly necessary to demonstrate that these vaccines can be protective. This is a step for

There are many steps towards a marketable vaccine: it will still be particularly necessary to demonstrate that these vaccines can be protective.

This is a step forward in the search for a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for Covid-19. Clinical trials have shown that both candidate vaccines produced a “robust immune response” against the virus in test patients, according to the tests, the results of which were published Monday in The Lancet.

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But if this news may seem encouraging, the steps towards a marketable vaccine are many: it will still be necessary to demonstrate that these vaccines can be protective, during phase 3 of the investigation.

Who is behind these vaccines?

The first, British, developed by the University of Oxford in collaboration with AstraZeneca, caused a “strong immune response” in a trial of more than 1,000 patients. This immune response includes the creation of antibodies, but also of lymphocytes.

Another vaccine project, conducted in Wuhan, China by researchers from various organizations including the School of Military Medical Sciences, funded by Hong Kong-listed biotech group CanSino Biologics, also resulted in a dual immune response against the Sars coronavirus. in most participants, according to a separate trial. which had about 500 people, was published in the same magazine.

What are we to conclude from these tests?

These clinical trials are still in the preliminary phase (Phase 1/2 and Phase 2) and their efficacy needs to be established in the Phase 3 trial in a larger number of participants, most importantly, before they are considered for commercialization on a large scale. scale.

“These two trials show that both vaccines are well tolerated. There are no serious side effects, and on the other hand, there is an immune response. At the moment, it does not say that this vaccine will be protective. We await the completion of phase 3 trials that will answer this question”, emphasized Franceinfo Dr. Bruno Hoen, Director of Medical Research at the Institut Pasteur.

Is this a promising track after all?

Oxford and CanSino vaccines are based on adenovirus[a family of existing viruses that cause, including colds]with modifications and additions that do not replicate, making them safer, especially for susceptible patients. Both vaccines “express the maximum protein of SARS-CoV -2”, according to a study in The Lancet. This means that they allow the patient’s immune system to recognize new coronavirus infections. Thus the patient will be able to produce a specific immune response to this virus. “If our vaccine is effective, it is a promising option, because this type of vaccine can easily be produced in large quantities,” said Sarah Gilbert, a researcher at the University of Oxford.

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Importantly, these two vaccine projects also resulted in 100% and more than 90% of participants producing T-lymphocytes, white blood cells whose job is to remove substances that have been identified as dangerous and must be kept in the memory of the characteristics of the aggressor in case of a new infection.

Neither of the two trials reported serious side effects. Side effects observed were fever, fatigue, and pain at the injection site. And 28 days after injection of the candidate vaccine, more than 90% of the British who participated in the trial had neutralizing antibodies in their blood, and around 85% of the Chinese. Only the Chinese trial included patients older than 55 years, and antibody levels were less high among these patients. “An additional dose (of the vaccine) may be needed to induce a stronger immune response in the elderly population,” said one of the authors, Wei Chen, from the Beijing Institute of Biotechnology.

What next with these and other vaccines?

According to Bruno Hoen, the tests will begin immediately, “in areas where the virus circulates.” “We have some arguments to think that there is a good chance that this is protective because the antibodies that have been identified in the vaccine are antibodies that, for many of them, have the ability to neutralize the virus. That leaves good hopes.” He said.

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The development of the vaccine could then be carried out by financing the European fund, explains Bruno Hoen. It will be necessary to choose between the vaccines that will be effective, the one that is easier to produce in large quantities and at a low price”, explains the epidemiologist. He will wait a little longer, “this will not be in 2020, and if it is in 2021, it will only be a feat.”

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“COVID-19”, the new coronavirus

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Among other late-stage vaccine projects, US biotech Moderna announced last week that it will begin Phase 3 of its Covid-19 vaccine candidate on July 27 to test its effectiveness in 30,000 people in the United States: half of they will receive a dose of 100 micrograms, and the other placebo. Only the Chinese laboratory Sinovac has also made progress: on July 6 it announced that the third and final phase of development of its vaccine will begin “this month”, in collaboration with the Brazilian Butantan. “Around 9,000 health professionals will participate” in this country affected by the Covid-19 epidemic.

Update Date: Jul 21, 2020, 04:58

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Source: newstars.edu.vn